miércoles, 30 de junio de 2010

Luego del disparo.

El dia que me dispararon

"Allí tirado, vi que la sangre me había empapado la camisa y oí más disparos y gritos". Junio de 1968. El herido: Andy Warhol. La autora de los disparos: Valerie Solanis, una escritora radical feminista.

Adelantamos este episodio, recogido con detalle en 'POPism', los diarios del artista, que ahora se publican en castellano.



No conocía muy bien a Valerie. Era la fundadora de una organización a la que ella llamaba "SCUM" (cuyas iniciales respondían a Sociedad para el Exterminio del Macho) [scum en inglés quiere decir escoria]. Hablaba sin parar del exterminio del macho y de que el resultado sería un "mundo femenino, maravilloso y genial".

Andy Warhol
A FONDO
Nacimiento:
1928
Lugar:
Pittsburg

Una vez trajo un guión a la Factory y me lo dio para que lo leyera: se titulaba Up your ass (Por tu culo). Me lo miré por encima y era tan pornográfico que de repente creí que tal vez trabajaba para el departamento de policía y aquello era una especie de encerrona. De hecho, cuando habíamos ido a Cannes con Chelsea Girls el año anterior y yo había concedido aquella entrevista a Cahiers du Cinéma, me refería a Valerie Solanis cuando dije: "A veces, la gente intenta tendernos trampas. Una chica llamó y me ofreció el guión de una película... el título me pareció tan maravilloso y a mí me gusta ser tan amable que la invité a que me lo trajera en persona; pero era tan obsceno que pensaba que bien podría tratarse de una agente de policía...". Le había comentado al entrevistador que no la habíamos vuelto a ver desde entonces. Sin embargo, cuando regresamos a Nueva York, empezó a llamar a la Factory para que le devolviéramos su guión. Me lo había dejado en algún lugar y no lograba encontrarlo; alguien debía de haberlo tirado a la basura mientras estábamos en Cannes. Cuando al final le confesé haberlo perdido, pasó a pedirme dinero. Decía que se alojaba en el hotel Chelsea y que necesitaba el dinero para pagar la estancia. Una tarde de septiembre estábamos en pleno rodaje de una secuencia para I, a man (Yo, un hombre) cuando llamó, así que le dije que por qué, en vez de reclamar su guión, no se pasaba por allí, salía en la película y se ganaba 25 dólares. Enseguida se presentó allí, la filmamos en una breve escena de escalera en la que no estuvo mal y eso fue todo. La cuestión era que, después de aquello, sólo llamaba de vez en cuando con esos sermones homófobos de la SCUM; pero ya no me molestaba tanto, y para entonces ya había llegado a la conclusión de que no era una mujer policía. Supongo que bastante gente me había dicho que llevaba un tiempo en escena y me había confirmado que era una auténtica fanática.
Era un día muy caluroso y, mientras Jed, Valerie y yo esperábamos el ascensor, me fijé en que ésta llevaba un abrigo de invierno forrado con borreguillo y un jersey de cuello cisne, y pensé en el calor que estaría pasando; aunque, para sorpresa mía, ni siquiera sudaba. Llevaba pantalones (nunca la había visto con un vestido), y sostenía una bolsa de papel que balanceaba y le rebotaba ligeramente en los talones. Luego observé que había algo aún más raro en ella aquel día: al mirarla de cerca, vi que se había maquillado los ojos y los labios.
Nos bajamos en la sexta planta y pasamos al centro del estudio. Mario Amaya estaba allí, un crítico de arte y profesor al que conocía desde los años cincuenta. Me esperaba para hablar conmigo sobre un espectáculo que quería montar en algún lugar.
Fred estaba en su mesa escribiendo una carta a mano. A Paul lo tenía enfrente, en una mesa como la de Fred, hablando por teléfono. Jed había ido al fondo a instalar los fluorescentes. Yo me acerqué a Paul.
Las ventanas de la fachada estaban todas abiertas -las puertas que daban al balcón, también-, pero seguía haciendo mucho calor. Eran ventanas de estilo europeo: dos cristales verticales en dos marcos que se abrían hacia dentro y se podían bloquear como las contraventanas. Nos gustaba dejarlas sueltas, sin pasador, para que se mecieran si corría un poco de brisa; pero no se movía ni una paja.
-Es Viva -dijo Paul, mientras se ponía en pie y me pasaba el teléfono. Yo me senté en su silla y él se fue al fondo de la oficina. Viva me decía que estaba en el distrito residencial, en la peluquería Kenneth's del Waldorf-Astoria, donde la gente de la producción de Cowboy de medianoche intentaba teñirle el pelo como el de Gastone Rossilli, el chico con el que protagonizaba la escena.
En realidad, las mesas de Paul y de Fred eran archivadores bajos de metal que sostenían tablas de tres metros por uno y medio en horizontal; la superficie de trabajo era de cristal, así que, cuando bajabas la vista para escribir algo, te veías reflejado. Me incliné sobre la mesa para comprobar qué tal estaba; hablar con ella hacía que pensara en mi propio pelo. Viva no dejaba de charlar: sobre la película, que iba a interpretar el papel de una cineasta underground en la escena de una fiesta donde John Voight conoce a Brenda Vaccaro. Hice señas a Fred para que cogiera el teléfono y siguiera la conversación por mí, y, cuando yo me disponía a colgar el auricular, oí el estruendo de una explosión y me di la vuelta rápidamente: vi que Valerie me apuntaba con una pistola y supe que la acababa de disparar.
Dije: "¡No! ¡No, Valerie! ¡No lo hagas!", y me volvió a disparar. Me desplomé en el suelo como si me hubiera alcanzado; lo cierto es que no sabía si sí o si no. Intenté arrastrarme por debajo de la mesa. Ella se acercó más, volvió a disparar, y entonces sentí un dolor terrible, como si una bomba explotara en mi interior.
Allí tirado, vi que la sangre me había empapado la camisa y oí más disparos y gritos (después, mucho después, me dijeron que dos balas del calibre 32 me habían perforado estómago, hígado, bazo, esófago y pulmones). Acto seguido, vi a Fred de pie ante mí y le dije entrecortadamente: "No puedo respirar". Se arrodilló e intentó hacerme el boca a boca, pero yo le dije que no, que me dolía mucho. Entonces se levantó y fue corriendo al teléfono para llamar a la policía y pedir una ambulancia.
De repente, Billy se inclinó sobre mí. No había estado allí durante el tiroteo, acababa de llegar. Levanté la mirada y me pareció que se estaba riendo, lo cual me hizo reír a mí también, no sé por qué. Pero me dolía mucho y le dije: "No te rías. ¡Ay!, por favor, no me hagas reír". Pero Billy no reía, lloraba.
La ambulancia tardó casi media hora en llegar. Y yo estaba allí en el suelo, sangrando.
Inmediatamente después de ser abatido, según supe más adelante, Valerie se volvió y disparó a Mario Amaya, a quien hirió en la cadera. Éste salió corriendo a la habitación del fondo y cerró de un golpe las enormes puertas dobles. Paul estaba en el lavabo y ni siquiera oyó los disparos. Al salir, vio a Mario, aguantando la puerta en un baño de sangre. Fue a mirar por el cristal de la sala de proyección y vio a Valerie al otro lado, intentando forzar la puerta. Como no se abría, se dirigió a mi pequeño despacho en el lateral; estaba cerrado, y probó a girar el pomo de la puerta. Tampoco se abría - Jed la mantenía cerrada desde dentro, mientras veía cómo el pomo giraba sin parar—; pero ella no sabía por qué, así que la dio por cerrada con llave. Luego volvió a la entrada y apuntó con la pistola a Fred, que dijo: "¡Por favor! ¡No me dispares! ¡Lárgate!". Valerie parecía confusa -no sabía si dispararle o no-, por lo que salió a llamar el ascensor. A continuación regresó adonde Fred estaba acorralado, en el suelo, y le volvió a apuntar con la pistola. Cuando parecía que estaba a punto de apretar el gatillo, se abrieron las puertas del ascensor y Fred dijo: "¡Ahí tienes el ascensor! ¡Cógelo!".
Así lo hizo.
Cuando Fred pidió una ambulancia para mí, le dijeron que si la quería con sirena costaría 15 dólares más. Mario no estaba herido de gravedad, y él mismo llamó otra ambulancia.
Por supuesto, yo no era consciente de todo lo que estaba pasando. No sabía nada. Estaba allí en el suelo, sangrando. Cuando llegó la ambulancia no traían camilla, así que me sentaron en una silla de ruedas. Pensaba que el dolor que sentía tumbado en el suelo era el peor que se podía sentir; pero, ahora que estaba sentado, supe que me equivocaba.
Me llevaron al hospital Columbus de la calle 19, entre las avenidas Segunda y Tercera, a cinco o seis manzanas de allí. De repente, me rodearon montones de médicos, y oía cosas como "Olvídalo" y "... no hay nada que hacer...", y luego alguien pronunciaba mi nombre: era Mario Amaya, que les decía que yo era rico y famoso.
Me pasé unas cinco horas en el quirófano, donde me operaron el doctor Giuseppe Rossi y otros cuatro grandes médicos. Me devolvieron a la vida, literalmente, porque tengo entendido que por un momento la perdí. Pasaron días y días, y yo aún no estaba seguro de si había resucitado. Me daba por muerto. No dejaba de pensar: "Estoy muerto. Así es la muerte: crees que estás vivo, pero estás muerto. Me veo en la cama de un hospital".
Cuando me sacaron del quirófano, oí una televisión en algún lugar y las palabras "Kennedy" y "asesino" y "disparo" una y otra vez. A Robert Kennedy lo habían matado a tiros, pero lo curioso del caso era que yo no entendía que un segundo Kennedy hubiera sido asesinado; pensaba que tal vez cuando mueres se repiten las cosas, como el asesinato del presidente Kennedy. Algunas de las enfermeras lloraban y, al cabo de un rato, oí cosas como "el cortejo fúnebre en Saint Patrick's". Me parecía todo muy extraño, este trasfondo de otros disparos y un funeral; aún no distinguía entre la vida y la muerte, y ya estaban enterrando a una persona en la televisión que tenía delante.

'POPism. The Warhol sixties. Diarios 1960-1969' (Ediciones Alfabia) se publica el 9 de diciembre.

fuente: http://www.elpais.com/articulo/portada/dia/dispararon/elpepusoceps/20081128elpepspor_4/Tes

Intento de asesinato, Valerie Solanas





Day of the shooting
11:00 am
Andy Warhol and Fred Hughes talk on the phone. Fred tells him how he was mugged the night before on 16th Street coming home from Max’s.
2:30 pm
Valerie Solanas goes to the Factory (33 Union Square West) and is told Warhol is out. She thinks that he is conspiring against her with Maurice Girodias, publisher of Olympia Press. (UV170/171). She leaves and waits outside near 16th Street. (L&D296/7) She had once brought a script to the Factory for Andy to read called 'Up Your Ass'. Warhol “looked through it briefly and it was so dirty,” he .“thought she might be working for the police department and that this was some kind of entrapment.” When Warhol admitted to losing the script, Solanas started asking for money.
Andy Warhol (via Pat Hackett in POPism):
“One afternoon when she [Valerie Solanas] called, we were in the middle of shooting a sequence for 'I, A Man, so I said why didn’t she come over and be in the movie and earn twenty-five dollars instead of asking for a handout. She came right over and we filmed her in a short scene on a staircase and she was actually funny and that was that.” (POP271)
4:15 pm
Warhol arrives at the Factory in a cab, wearing a brown leather jacket over a black t-shirt , black jeans and black Beatle (Chelsea) boots. (L&D296) Previously, he had picked up a prescription for Obetrol, then browsed at Bloomingdales, and had also rung the bell of Miles White, the costume designer, who lived on East 55th Street, but he wasn’t home. (POP270/DD71)When Andy arrives outside the Factory, his boyfriend Jed Johnson approaches from 17th and Broadway carrying some fluorescent lights. Valerie Solanas joins them and all three enter the building. While waiting for the elevator, Warhol notices that Valerie is wearing a thick turtleneck sweater underneath a trenchcoat on a hot summer day. Even stranger, she has on mascara and lipstick even though as a die-hard feminist she never wears make-up. Warhol also notices that she is “bouncing slightly on the balls of her feet, twisting a brown paper bag in her hands."
Upstairs, Fred Hughes is sitting at his desk writing a memo, Paul Morrissey is talking to Viva on the phone who is ringing him from Kenneth’s Hair Salon where she is having her hair dyed in preparation for her role in John Schlesinger’s film Midnight Cowboy. Art critic and curator, Mario Amaya, is waiting for Andy in order to discuss an upcoming retrospective in London.
When Warhol, Jed and Valerie arrive, Paul leaves the office to go to the bathroom, leaving Andy to talk to Viva. (L&D) Jed goes into Warhol's private office in the rear corner of the room. Andy signals to Fred Hughes to take over the conversation with Viva.Valerie Solanas takes a .32 automatic from the paper bag and fires a shot. Viva hears the shot over the phone but thinks it is somebody cracking a whip left over from theVelvet Underground days. Andy screams "No! No! Valerie! Don’t do it!" She fires a second time. He falls to the floor and tries to crawl under a desk. She fires a third time. The bullet enters Andy’s right side and goes straight through him, coming out the left side of his back. Warhol later tells friends "It hurt so much, I wished I was dead."
Thinking that she has killed Warhol, Solanas turns to Mario Amaya who is crouching on the floor and fires a fourth shot at him. She misses so she shoots again, hitting him slightly above the hip. The bullet goes through him without damaging any organs, exiting from his back. He gets up and runs into the back room, using the weight of his bleeding body to hold the doors shut.
Valerie Solanas points the gun at Fred Hughes who begs her not to shoot him. “I’m innocent,” he protests. “Please, just leave.” She walks over to the elevator and presses the button then returns to him, aiming at his forehead with the gun. She pulls the trigger, but it jams. She grabs a back up gun, a .22 caliber from the paper bag but the elevator arrives and she leaves.
As soon as she leaves, Fred Hughes calls for an ambulance and the police. The phone rings. It is Viva, still at the hairdresser's, wondering what is going on. Fred tells her that Valerie just shot Andy and that there is blood everywhere, then hangs up the phone. Viva, thinking it is a joke, decides to have her hair trimmed before having it dyed. She tells the hairdresser to charge it to United Artists.
Gerard Malanga arrives at the Factory with Angus Maclise two or three minutes after the shooting. Gerard was preparing a one man show at the Cinematheque and was picking up money from Andy to pay for a film announcement. The scene at the Factory was "total mayhem." (GM193)
Warhol lies bleeding on the floor with Billy Name leaning over him crying, while they wait for the ambulance to arrive. (POP273)
4:35 pm
The ambulance arrives at the Factory. Instead of bringing a stretcher, the attendants arrive with a wheelchair to carry Warhol out. Andy: "I thought that the pain I'd felt lying on the floor was the worst you could ever feel... but now that I was in a sitting position, I knew it wasn't." (DD75)
The ambulance takes away both Warhol and the wounded Mario Amaya. The driver tells




I SHOT ANDY WARHOL


I Shot Andy Warhol is a 1996 independent film about the life of Valerie Solanas and her relationship with Andy Warhol. The movie marked the debut of Canadian director Mary Harron.
The film stars Lili Taylor as Valerie, Jared Harris as Andy Warhol and Martha Plimpton as Valerie's friend Stevie. Stephen Dorff plays Warhol superstar Candy Darling.
Lou Reed of the Velvet Underground, whose anger with Solanas was well known, stated publicly that he did not want any film about her to be made, and would not allow the filmmakers to use his music. Nevertheless, the film's music score was written by John Cale, a former member of the Velvet Underground. In the film, Yo La Tengo plays an anonymous band that is somewhat reminiscent of the group.
The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival
.


Plot

The film opens with a foreshadow to moments after the shooting. This is quickly followed by a scene with Solanas in custody for the shooting of Andy Warhol. The film then takes us back to a time when Solanas is living in New York and prostituting herself for a living. A series of further flashbacks point to her difficult childhood, and success in studying psychology at university. At university, Solanas discovers that she is a lesbian, that she can write and that she has a distinctive view of the world. This leads her to New York City and its downtown underworld. Through her friend Stevie, she meets Candy Darling, who in turn introduces her to Andy Warhol. Meanwhile she also meets Maurice Girodias, the publisher of Olympia Press. While Solanas wants Warhol to produce her play, Up Your Ass, Girodias wants her to write a pornographic novel for him. Once Solanas signs a contract with Girodias, she comes to suspect his offer is not a generous one and may not be in her interests. She comes to regret signing this contract. At this point, she starts to become seriously disturbed. She thinks Warhol, and or Girodias are controlling her. The film concludes, where it began, with Solanas' attempted murder of Warhol.
[edit] Background
This film is based on a true story and was thoroughly researched by the filmmaker, Mary Harron, who initially intended to make a documentary.
Many people who knew Solanas and Warhol tried to rationalize the shooting. Stephen Koch, who in 1973 wrote a study of Warhol's film, stated: "Valerie lives in terror of dependence: That is what the SCUM Manifesto is about, an absolute terror before the experience of need. Like Warhol, Solanas is obsessed with an image of autonomy, except that... she has played the obsession desperately, rather than with Warhol's famous cool."[3]





VALERIE SOLANAS

Early life
Solanas was born in Ventnor City, New Jersey to Louis Solanas and Dorothy Biondi. She claimed that she regularly suffered sexual abuse at the hands of her father. Her parents divorced when she was 11, and her mother remarried shortly afterwards. Solanas disliked her stepfather and began rebelling againsther mother and became a truant. Because of her rebellious behavior, her mother sent her to be raised by her grandfather in 1949. Solanas claimed that her grandfather was a violent alcoholic who often beat her. When she was 15, her grandfather kicked her out, rendering her homeless. In spite of this, she graduated from high school with her class and earned a degree in psychology from the University of Maryland, College Park.
She did nearly a year of graduate work in psychology at University of Minnesota. In 1953, she gave birth to a son, David. Other details of her life until 1966 are unclear, but it is believed she traveled the country as an itinerant, supporting herself by begging and prostitution.
[edit] New York City and The Factory
Solanas arrived in Greenwich Village in 1966, where she wrote a play titled Up Your Ass about a man-hating prostitute and a panhandler. In 1967, she encountered Andy Warhol outside his studio, The Factory, and asked him to produce her play. Intrigued by the title, he accepted the script for review. According to Factory lore, Warhol, whose films were often shut down by the police for obscenity, thought the script was so pornographic that it must be a police trap. He never returned it to Solanas. The script was then lost, not to be found until after Warhol's death, in the bottom of one of his lighting trunks.
Later that year, Solanas began to telephone Warhol, demanding he return the script of Up Your Ass. When Warhol admitted he had lost it, she began demanding money as payment. Warhol ignored these demands but offered her a role inI, a Man. In his book Popism: The Warhol Sixties, Warhol wrote that before she shot him, he thought Solanas was an interesting and funny person, but that her constant demands for attention made her difficult to deal with and ultimately drove him away.
Warhol did give Solanas a role in a scene in his film I, a Man (1968–1969). In that film, she and the film's title character (playedby Tom Baker) haggle in an apartment building hallway over whether they should go into her apartment. Solanas dominates the improvised conversation, leading Baker through a dialogue about everything from "squishy asses", "men's tits", and lesbian "instinct". Ultimately, she leaves him to fend for himself, explaining "I gotta go beat my meat" as she exits the scene.
During the late 1960s, Solanas wrote and self-published her best-known work, the SCUM Manifesto, a text which reads as a scathing, misandric attack on the male sex. SCUM is generally held to be an acronym of "Society for Cutting Up Men", although it does not appear in the manifesto itself, and is actually a backronym. The opening
words of the Manifesto immediately refer to its directives:

Life in this society being, at best, an utter bore and no aspect of society being at all relevant to women, there remains to civic-minded, responsible, thrill-seeking females only to overthrow the government, eliminate the money system, institute complete automation and destroy the male sex. It is now technically feasible to reproduce without the aid of males (or, for that matter, females) and to produce only females. We must begin immediately to do so... The male is a biological accident.

Attempted assassination of Andy Warhol
On June 3, 1968, she arrived at The Factory and waited for Warhol in the lobby area. When he arrived with a couple of friends, she produced a handgun and shot at Warhol three times, hitting him once. She then shot art critic Mario Amaya and also tried to shoot Warhol's manager, Fred Hughes, but her gun jammed as the elevator arrived. Hughes suggested she take it and she did, leaving the Factory. Warhol barely survived; he never fully recovered and for the rest of his life wore a corset to prevent his injuries from worsening.
That evening, Solanas turned herself in to the police and was charged with attempted murder and other offenses. Solanas made statements to the arresting officer and at the arraignment hearing that Warhol had "too much control" over her and that Warhol was planning to steal her
work. Pleading guilty, she received a three-year sentence. Warhol refused to testify against her.
The attack had a profound impact on Warhol and his art, and The Factory scene became much more tightly controlled afterward. For the rest of his life, Warhol lived in fear that Solanas would attack him again. "It was the Cardboard Andy, not the Andy I could love and play with," said close friend and collaborator Billy Name. "He was so sensitized you couldn't put your hand on him without him jumping. I couldn't even love him anymore, because it hurt him to touch him."[1] While his friends were actively hostile towards Solanas, Warhol himself preferred not to discuss her.
One of the few public pronouncements in her favor was distributed by Ben Morea, of Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers/Black Mask fame. It was later re-printed as an appendix in the Olympia Press edition of her manifesto.
It is widely believed that Solanas suffered from paranoid schizophrenia at the time of the shooting.[2][3] A psychiatrist who evaluated her shortly thereafter concluded that she was "a Schizophrenic Reaction, paranoid type with marked depression and potential for acting out."[4] As a result, many of her detractors derided her as a "crazed lesbian".[5]
In 2009, Margo Feiden, a former Broadway producer and playwright, claimed that she had been visited by Solanas on the morning of the shooting. According to interviews with The New York Times and Interview magazine, Feiden received a manuscript from Solanas but refused to stage it.[6] Feiden believes that Solanas "did that shooting as a publicity stunt to be famous, so that I would produce her play."[7] Feiden said that she tried to avert the shooting by calling a relative of Warhol and authorities and that nobody took her calls seriously.[8]





On June 3, 1968, Valerie Solanas, author of the "shock-feminism" classic SCUM Manifesto and a regular of the Factory (Warhol's studio), entered the studio and fired three shots at Warhol, nearly killing him. Although the first two rounds missed, the third passed through Warhol's left lung, spleen, stomach, liver, esophagus, and right lung. Solanas then turned the gun on a companion of Warhol, Mario Amaya, injuring his thigh. Although Warhol (barely) survived these injuries, he never fully recovered. Solanas turned herself in to the police, and was charged with numerous offences, including attempted murder. After pleading guilty she received a three year sentence. Warhol refused to testify against her.Solanas later explained that "Warhol had too much control over my life." In 1966, Solanas wrote a play entitled 'Up Your Ass', about a man-hating prostitute and a panhandler. In 1967 she asked Warhol to produce her play, and he was fascinated enough by the title of the play to accept the script for review. He was unimpressed by the content, however, and did not bother to contact her again. Later in 1967 Solanas began to telephone Warhol demanding he return the script of Up Your Ass. Warhol admitted he had lost it, at which point she began demanding money as payment. Warhol ignored these demands. However, he did employ her for minor roles in two of his movies of the time, but Solanas began to believe that her difficulties achieving financial success were exclusively due to Warhol. The story of Valerie Solanas was made into the 1996 movie I Shot Andy Warhol starring Lili Taylor and directed by Mary Harron.Warhol's friend Lou Reed never forgave Solanas for the attack. In 1990 he recorded the album Songs for Drella with fellow Velvet Underground alumnus John Cale, which contained the song "I Believe". In it, Reed sang "I believe/I would've pulled the switch on her myself." In other songs on the album, Reed expresses his regrets about not having paid a lot of attention to Warhol in the time before his death.Warhol himself ultimately forgave Valerie for shooting him and later satirized the whole event in a subsequent movie of his, calling a group similar to Solanas' S.C.U.M. (Society for Cutting Up Men), P.I.G. - Politically Involved Girlies.
Comments
fascinating.


algo más, revisiones




Breakfast with: Joe Dallesandro
Underground film sex symbol of the 60s and 70s
Monday, October 05, 1998
Marylynn Uricchio, Post-Gazette Society Editor





Joe Dallesandro was the biggest sex symbol of underground films in the '60s and '70s through roles in such Andy Warhol movies as "Flesh" and "Trash." Lou Reed wrote the song "Walk on the Wild Side" about Dallesandro, and he was named one of the 10 most photogenic men in the world by photographer Francesco Scavullo. Dallesandro has been acting for 30 years, 10 of them in European films directed by Louis Malle and others. His Hollywood credits include "The Cotton Club" and "Theodore Rex." He is the subject of a new book, "Little Joe Superstar" by Michael Ferguson. Dallesandro will make an appearance at the Andy Warhol Museum on Oct. 17.
Q Did your association with Warhol help or hurt you professionally?
A Since doing the Warhol films, I've never stopped working, and when I went to Europe, I had two films signed before I finished my last two movies with the Warhol people, so I guess it helped. I had a big audience in England and Germany for my films. They were appreciated in a different way than they were in America. They were accepted as real films, not as part of an underground movie movement.
Q What do you remember most about Andy Warhol?
A I was with the Warhol company for five years, and Andy and I had a very quiet relationship. We never said more than good morning when I came into work and thank you for my check when I got paid, and that was about it. I worked as a kind of doorman besides making movies there. I was a projectionist and kept track of rentals, and it was just kind of a fun job at the Factory. My brother worked as his chauffeur, and they would have these long conversations all day long, which I couldn't believe because I never heard Andy speak very much, but there were certain people he talked to and other people he didn't talk to at all, and I was one he didn't talk to.
Q You were the first sex symbol to openly appeal to gay as well as straight audiences.
A I was real proud to have such an audience, and we went for the audience, and I captured it, and it was good. The attention part - you couldn't start to believe everything people would say about you, or you would lose yourself to an ego that would kind of separate you from other people. I watched it with other Warhol members who thought they were big superstars and nobody wanted to have anything to do with them. I did films a few times out of the year, and the films would play for a long time, and my picture was in the paper every day, but that had nothing to do with the different type of work I did with the Factory and showing up at work every day as a regular guy. I kept my head on straight.
Q The image is that everyone at the Factory did drugs, had sex all the time and was a drag queen or something. What was it really like?
A We had Interview magazine that started after we had a couple of successes with the films, and we had the whole film company thing right there at 33 Union Square. We had painting that we did upstairs on another level of the Factory, and we had another floor where we did paintings of Andy's. A lot of that image was just invented from the old silver factory that went before with Edie Sedgwick and all those people, but they were all gone when I started in 1967.
Q When you look around today, do you see any film-making as innovative as what the Factory did?
A I find that there's subject matter that wasn't spoken about when I was a kid, and we were the people who frontiered those kinds of topics. But now anybody can use that subject matter in movies and have a large audience, films like "My Private Idaho."










POPism
he Warhol Sixties




At five o’clock one particular afternoon the doorbell rang and De came in and sat down. I poured Scotch for us, and then I went over to where two paintings I’d done, each about six feet high and three feet wide, were propped, facing the wall. I turned them around and placed them side by side against the wall and then I backed away to take a look at them myself. One of them was a Coke bottle with Abstract Expressionist hash marks halfway up the side. The second one was just a stark, outlined Coke bottle in black and white. I didn’t say a thing to De. I didn’t have to—he knew what I wanted to know.
“Well, look, Andy,” he said after staring at them for a couple of minutes. “One of these is a piece of shit, simply a little bit of everything. The other is remarkable—it’s our society, it’s who we are, it’s absolutely beautiful and naked, and you ought to destroy the first one and show the other.”
That afternoon was an important one for me.
I can’t even count the number of people after that day who when they saw my paintings burst out laughing. But De never thought Pop was a joke.
As he was leaving he looked down at my feet and said, “When the hell are you going to get yourself a new pair of shoes? You’ve been wearing those that way all over town for a year. They’re crummy and creepy—your toes are sticking out.” I enjoyed De’s honesty a lot, but I didn’t get new shoes—it’d taken me too long to break that pair in. I took his advice about most other things, though.
I used to go around to all the galleries in the late fifties, usually with a good friend of mine named Ted Carey. Ted and I both had wanted to have our portraits done by Fairfield Porter, and we’d thought that it would be cheaper if he painted us in tandem and then we could cut it apart and each take half. But when he’d posed us, he sat us so close together on the couch that we couldn’t slice a straight line between us and I’d had to buy Ted out. Anyway, Ted and I followed the art scene together, keeping up with what was going on.
One afternoon Ted called up very excited to say he’d just seen a painting at the Leo Castelli Gallery that looked like a comic book and that I should go right over there and have a look myself because it was the same sort of thing I was doing.
I met Ted later and we walked upstairs to the gallery. Ted was buying a Jasper Johns light bulb drawing for $475, so it was easy to maneuver ourselves into the back room, and there I saw what Ted had been telling me about—a painting of a man in a rocket ship with a girl in the background. I asked the guy who was showing us the stuff, “What’s that over there?” He said it was a painting by a young artist named Roy Lichtenstein. I asked him what he thought of it and he said, “I think it’s absolutely provocative, don’t you?” So I told him I did paintings that were similar and asked if he’d like to come up to my studio and look at them. We made an appointment for later that afternoon. His name was Ivan Karp.
When Ivan came by, I had all my commercial art drawings stashed away out of sight. As long as he didn’t know anything about me, there was no sense bringing up my advertising background. I still had the two styles I was working in—the more lyrical painting with gestures and drips, and the hard style without the gestures. I liked to show both to people to goad them into commenting on the differences, because I still wasn’t sure if you could completely remove all the hand gesture from art and become noncommittal, anonymous. I knew that I definitely wanted to take away the commentary of the gestures—that’s why I had this routine of painting with rock and roll blasting the same song, a 45 rpm, over and over all day long—songs like the one that was playing the day Ivan came by for the first time, “I Saw Linda Yesterday” by Dickey Lee. The music blasting cleared my head out and left me working on instinct alone. In fact, it wasn’t only rock and roll that I used that way—I’d also have the radio blasting opera, and the TV picture on (but not the sound)—and if all that didn’t clear enough out of my mind, I’d open a magazine, put it beside me, and half read an article while I painted. The works I was most satisfied with were the cold “no comment” paintings.
Ivan was surprised that I hadn’t heard of Lichtenstein. But he wasn’t as surprised as I was, finding out that someone else was working with cartoon and commercial subjects, too!
I had a very good rapport with Ivan right away. He was young, he had an “up” attitude to everything. He was sort of dancing around to the music.
For the first fifteen minutes or so, he looked through my stuff tentatively. Then he dug in and began to sort it out. “These blunt, straightforward works are the only ones of any consequence. The others are all homage to Abstract Express-ionism and are not.” He laughed and said, “Am I being arrogant?” We talked for a long time about this new subject matter of mine and he said he had intimations that something shocking was about to happen with it. I felt very good. Ivan had a way of making you feel good, so after he left, I sat down and wrapped the Little Nancy cartoon painting that he said was his favorite and sent it over to him at the gallery with a red bow on it.
An excerpt from POPism: The Warhol Sixties, by Andy Warhol and Pat Hackett, published by permission of Harcourt Books, http://www.harcourtbooks.com/.








Review of: Jennifer Doyle, Jonathan Flatley, and José Esteban Muñoz, eds., Pop Out: Queer Warhol. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1996. 1. In a year that marks the eleventh anniversary of his death, Andy Warhol--artist, filmmaker, icon--continues as a cultural force to be reckoned with. His profile within the Pop culture imaginary swelled in 1996 and 1997, fueled by the release of three films: Mary Harron's I Shot Andy Warhol, Julian Schnabel's Basquiat, and Susanne Ofteringer's Nico Icon. (Screen bios of Edie Sedgwick and Holly Woodlawn are also, reportedly, on their way.) Warhol's celebrated serial-image technique continues to be appropriated in dozens of ways throughout contemporary graphic design. The end of the century will undoubtedly spawn many more testimonials to the Warhol oeuvre, such as the one offered in a 1997 Chicago Tribune piece, which names Warhol as one of the 20th century's five artists "that anyone seeking an understanding of modern and contemporary art will have to come up against and, if possible, accept" (G5). 2. Arts scholars and academics have come up against Warhol many, many times prior to the publication of Pop Out: Queer Warhol. Whereas 1996 constituted a mini-revival of popular interest in the artist, 1989 (the year of MoMA's massive retrospective) represents the most recent revival of widespread critical interest. That year saw an explosion of publications on Warhol: not just the commercially accessible portraits by David Bourdon and Victor Bockris (and Warhol himself, via his Diaries), but critical anthologies from Michael O'Pray, Gary Garrels, and Kynaston McShine. Add the stalwart Warhol texts by John Coplans, Rainer Crone, Peter Gidal, Stephen Koch, Carter Ratcliff, et al., and there can be little doubt as to the sheer tenacity of Warhol scholarship. 3. So, one may reasonably wonder: do we really need more critical and analytical treatises on the work and world of Andy Warhol? Pop Out answers with a resounding "yes." The book's subtitle--Queer Warhol--announces a political agenda made explicit in its introduction: Pop Out's collected essays, according to editors Jennifer Doyle, Jonathan Flatley, and José Esteban Muñoz, "call out and combat the degaying of Warhol" (2). The term "degaying" comes from Simon Watney, whose inaugural article "Queer Andy" condemns the critical tradition (exemplified by many of the previously named texts) that "refus[es] to engage with the most glaringly obvious motif in Warhol's career--his homosexuality" (21). Doyle, Flatley, and Muñoz argue for the recovery of a queer "social or symbolic context" (the context of Pop Art) in order to understand and appropriate Warhol and Popism (7). Recent analyses have largely failed at this task. 4. Watney perhaps exaggerates the denial of sex ("let alone queer sex") and sexuality by critics of the Warhol films (20); as Doyle et al. rightly acknowledge, film scholarship has done more to foreground the sexiness of Warhol's art than any other critical discipline (16n). But Watney's larger point is well taken by Pop Out's twelve contributing essayists, each of whom sets out to reclaim Warhol as a decidedly queer artist and cultural figure. 5. It would be a mistake, however, to equate a discursive "queer Warhol" with the real-life gay Warhol. While the artist's homosexuality is the jumping-off point for a number of essays (most notably, Watney's "Queer Andy," Thomas Waugh's "Cockteaser," and Michael Moon's "Screen Memories, or Pop Comes from the Outside"), part of Pop Out's larger project is to complicate binarisms like "gay/straight." This point comes through most eloquently in a passage in Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's essay "Queer Performativity." Queerness, for Sedgwick, does not simply equal "gayness," although there is significant overlap. Rather, it is more productive to think of shyness and shame as primary indicators of queerness--which may or may not later manifest itself with regard to sexual orientation (138). Sedgwick locates the crucial site of the formation of a "shame-delineated place of identity" (138) within childhood; parenthetically, she remarks "on how frequently queer kids are queer before they're gay" (137; original emphasis). Accordingly, the theme of queer childhood acts as something of a leitmotif in Pop Out: José Muñoz's vision of "a sickly queer boy who managed to do much more than simply survive" (144) is also taken up by Watney and especially Moon, both of whom are concerned with how young Andy channeled his queerness and, in the words of the editors, "forg[ed] a self from his investments in the mass culture available to him" (10). 6. According to Sedgwick, once we start thinking of Warhol's achievements as bound up with--as transformations of--his queerness, then those achievements can serve as models for subaltern persons and communities. The "shame-delineated place of identity" embodied by Warhol can be usefully appropriated by what Muñoz refers to as "minority subjects"; as Sedgwick notes, "race, gender, class, sexuality, appearance, and abledness are only a few of the defining social constructions that will crystallize there" (138). The frequent use of terms like "minority subject" and "survival strategy" (or "tactic") by Pop Out's contributors underscores the political efficacy of Warhol's brand of Pop appropriation. 7. Muñoz's conception (informed by the work of Michel Pecheux and Judith Butler) of "disidentification"--"a strategy that tries to transform a cultural logic from within" (148)--further illuminates this crucial theoretical formulation. The elasticity of the word "queer" in nearly all of these essays enables the authors to draw a variety of disempowered social groups (non-whites, women, the working class) into the Warhol nexus. Sedgwick and Muñoz are forthright in promoting the empowering effects of Warhol's queer survival tactics; Muñoz even draws an analogy to Michele Wallace's conception of black female film spectatorship, a process "about problematizing and expanding one's racial identity instead of abandoning it" (150; original emphasis). However, while the Warhol philosophy may indeed prove liberating for some, to appropriate him as a vanquisher of patriarchy, white supremacy, or capitalistic terrorism is to ignore some unpleasant biographical truths: Warhol was certainly no friend to feminism (his 1972 film Women in Revolt is a bitchy parody of the nascent "Women's Lib" movement), and examples of his casual racism have been remarked upon in a number of sources.[1] By and large Pop Out's authors avoid an apologia for Warhol's misogyny or classism, yet this avoidance might also be construed as an evasion. Only Marcie Frank, in "Popping Off Warhol," makes a significant attempt to reconcile feminism and Popism (through the unlikely mediating figure of Valerie Solanas, Warhol's would-be assassin). 8. Nevertheless, Muñoz's encouragement of these "theories of revisionary identification" (149) nicely encapsulates the vitality and diversity this project brings to the discipline of media studies. Instead of straining Warhol's work through the meshes of a single theoretical approach, Pop Out allows for a variety of useful critical frameworks and methodologies. Studies of spectatorship and reception are skillfully employed in two of the anthology's finest pieces. Waugh's "Cockteaser" vividly reconstructs the audience for the embryonic gay cinema of the 1960s and positions Warhol's films (e.g., My Hustler, Lonesome Cowboys) within that "underground" exhibition context, detailing how "censorship and film industry pressures shaped the form of Warhol's cockteaser-like address to his gay male audiences" (59; original emphasis). Sasha Torres's "The Caped Crusader of Camp" draws on contemporary press reports on Warhol, Pop Art, and the Batman phenomenon to expose the failure of recent revisionist critiques of 1960s camp to theorize the links between "camp and gay subcultural tastes... between subcultural style and its more 'mainstream' appropriations" (246)--i.e., between "gay camp" and "mass camp." 9. Elsewhere, Moon and Muñoz apply the methodologies of psychoanalysis and critical race theory, respectively, to analyze Warhol's (and protégé Jean-Michel Basquiat's) use of cartoon heroes and comic-book illustrations as subjects for art; Moon's provocative thesis situates Warhol's comic-strip painting as a continuation of "his flagrantly homoerotic art of the fifties" (79). Jennifer Doyle in "Tricks of the Trade" locates a multi-layered social critique in Warhol's exploitation of "work" as "sex" (and vice versa) and offers her own critique of the modernist "figuring [of] Warhol's relationship to his work as a kind of prostitution" (192); whereas Mandy Merck in "Figuring Out Andy Warhol" perceptively criticizes the rhetoric of transvestism employed by postmodernists (after Jameson and Baudrillard) to marginalize the Warhol silkscreen as, "[l]ike the drag queen, the copy without an original" (235). In addition, a number of essays follow David James' suggestion and do away with the false opposition posited between Warhol's celebrated '60s work (enshrined in POPism, Warhol's 1980 memoir) and his "denigrated" '70s and '80s output (34). 10. While most of Pop Out's flaws are minor, one could take issue with some of the evidence--theoretical and empirical--used to support some of the more contentious claims. When a response to the existing literature seems necessary to bolster a proposition, many of the new scholars bypass the canonical critical takes on Warhol (Coplans, Crone, and Ratcliff don't even make the bibliography) and go directly to the source himself: the "self-penned" Andy Warhol Diaries (1989), POPism: The Warhol Sixties, and dark horse The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again (1975) emerge in Pop Out as the new source texts for Warhol studies, to be plumbed for textual and subtextual clues. Thus, only a bit of Pop psychoanalysis is required to conjecture a theory of underclass queer attraction to Dick Tracy (Moon)--or an articulation of a chocolate fetish with racial revulsion (Sedgwick)--out of a few phone conversations later transcribed as part of the Andy Warhol Philosophy. 11. It seems odd that so many of Pop Out's contributors embrace these memoirs at face value, as if they presented unmediated access to the mind of the artist: not only is the "author" known to have been notoriously selective about autobiographical details (Stephen Koch has remarked of Warhol and his assistant Paul Morrissey: not "a single statement either one of them made to me... upon examination, turned out to be true" (qtd. in O'Pray 12), but all three books were apparently ghost-written and/or edited by collaborators. And yet I don't wish to propose Jonathan Flatley's trotting out of the theoretical big guns (de Man, Marx, Benjamin, Derrida, Butler, Saussure, Lacan, Freud--the last five within a page of each other) in "Warhol Gives Good Face" as a useful corrective, either; surely a middle ground can be attained, even within the solidly academic context of a book in which allusions to "Sedgwick" more often mean Eve, not Edie. 12. Pop Out would also have profited from a closer look at Warhol's temporal-based art. If, as Waugh claims, "a frank, intelligent, and materialist questioning of Warhol's sexual address... and of his relation to erotic and specifically homoerotic mythologies of his day" (52) is to be found in much of the recent writing on the Warhol films, might not it prove fruitful to further expand the consideration of a distinctly "queer Warhol" to his often explicitly gay cinema (and his less explicitly gay TV work)? With the exceptions of Waugh and of Doyle, who cites Warhol and Morrissey's Flesh (1968) in her analysis of "artistic exchange as the setting for erotic, sexual exchange" (198), most of the Pop Out essayists miss this opportunity. Sedgwick's fine essay might have further benefited from an analysis of queer performativity in Warhol's films, following the lead of Doyle, Flatley, and Muñoz's offhand take on the "bad acting" of Warhol's Superstars: "the performance that avows its performanceness acknowledges the difficulty of fitting into roles" (15). Flatley's notion of the "politics of publicity" (103) seems very applicable to Warhol's celebrity "biopics" of the middle '60s (Harlot, Hedy, Lupe, and More Milk, Yvette), and Torres's insights make one ponder how straight audiences and mainstream critics may have used the Pop/camp distinction to make sense of The Chelsea Girls (1966), the underground cinema's box-office champ.[2] 13. Still, the fact that possibilities for further exploration leap easily to mind is an indicator of Pop Out's usefulness for film historians, analysts, and theoreticians. A surge of additional scholarly appraisals of the Warhol cinema are in our future, as the long-awaited, long-delayed video releases of Warhol's films finally become reality. And though future film scholars will have the luxury of access to these primary texts, they will be equally indebted to this book's multiplicity of vibrant critical approaches. By illuminating methodological and theoretical alternatives like queer studies, feminist theory, and poststructuralism, Pop Out's essays have helped free Warhol studies from the dead ends of simplistic textual analysis and auteurism. This represents a significant advance (even at this late date), and it's bound to be Pop Out's legacy for cinema studies.




Department of Communication Arts


University of Wisconsin at Madison






Escritos, Libros, Revistas





INTERVIEW MAGAZINE

Interview is amagazine founded by artist Andy Warhol and John Wilcock in late 1969. These interviews were usually unedited or edited in the eccentric fashion of Warhol's books and The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again. The first head of advertising for the magazine was Susan Blond.
Complimentary copies of Interview were often given to the "in-crowd" to lure them into contributing to the magazine, and given as
freebies to attract potential new advertisers.
Toward the end of his life, as Warhol withdrew from everyday oversight of his magazine, it became more focused on presenting the point of view of the fashion elite (under editor Bob Colacello), and a more conventional editorial style was introduced. However, Warhol continued to act as ambassador for the magazine, distributing issues in the street to passersby and creating ad hoc book-signing events on the streets of Manhattan.
The magazine (dubbed "The Crystal Ball Of Pop", according to its website) continues in a similar form to this day - 30% features/70% glossy advertising - published, since shortly after Warhol's death in 1987, by Brant Publications Inc. In 2009 actress Kristen Stewart posed for the cover of the magazine's 40th anniversary issue

fuente: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview_(magazine)

Books and print
Beginning in the early 1950s, Warhol produced several unbound portfolios of his work.
The first of several bound self-published books by Warhol was 25 Cats Name Sam and One Blue Pussy, printed in 1954 by Seymour Berlin on Arches brand watermarked paper using his blotted line technique for the lithographs. The original edition was limited to 190 numbered, hand colored copies, using Dr. Martin's ink washes. Most of these were given by Warhol as gifts to clients and friends. Copy #4, inscribed "Jerry" on the front cover and given to Geraldine Stutz, was used for a facsimile printing in 1987 and the original was auctioned in May 2006 for US $35,000 by Doyle New York.
Other self-published books by Warhol include:
A Gold Book
Wild Raspberries
Holy Cats
After gaining fame, Warhol "wrote" several books that were commercially published:
a, A Novel (1968, ISBN 0-8021-3553-6) is a literal transcription– containing spelling errors and phonetically written background noise and mumbling– of audio recordings of Ondine and several of Andy Warhol's friends hanging out at the Factory, talking, going out.[citation needed]
The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (From A to B & Back Again) (1975, ISBN 0-15-671720-4)– according to Pat Hackett's introduction to The
Andy Warhol Diaries, Pat Hackett did the transcriptions and text for the book based on daily phone conversations, sometimes (when Warhol was traveling) using audio cassettes that Andy Warhol gave her. Said cassettes contained conversations with Brigid Berlin (also known as Brigid Polk) and former Interview magazine editor Bob Colacello.[citation needed]
Popism: The Warhol Sixties (1980, ISBN 0-15-672960-1), authored by Warhol and Pat Hackett is a retrospective view of the sixties and the role of pop art.
The Andy Warhol Diaries (1989, ISBN 0-446-39138-7), edited
by Pat Hackett, is a diary dictated by Warhol to Hackett in daily phone conversations. Warhol started the diary to keep track of his expenses after being audited, although it soon evolved to include his personal and cultural observations.
Warhol created the fashion magazine Interview that is still published today. The loopy title script on the cover is thought to be either his own handwriting or that of his mother, Julia Warhola, who would often do text work for his early commercial pieces.

fuente: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol#Books_and_print


POPISM, the Warhol sixties

When people describe who I am, if they don't say, 'Andy Warhol the Pop artist,' they say, 'Andy Warhol the underground filmmaker.'



Andy Warhol, POPismAndy Warhol was not only the twentieth century's most “famous” exponent of Pop art but, “a post-modern Renaissance man”: a commercial illustrator, a writer, a photographer, a sculptor, a magazine editor, a television producer, an exhibition curator, and one of the most important and provocative filmmakers of the New American Cinema group of the early 1960s. (1) The influence of Warhol's filmmaking can be found in both the Hollywood mainstream film, which took from his work a “gritty street-life realism, sexual explicitness, and on-the-edge performances,” and in experimental film, which “reworked his long-take, fixed-camera aesthetic into what came to be known as structural film.” (2)At the beginning of the 1960s Warhol emerged as a significant artist in the New York art scene, his first Manhattan show – at the Stable Gallery in the fall of '62 – featuring Coca-Cola, Dance Diagram, Do It Yourself, Elvis, Marilyn and disaster paintings. In 1963 Warhol established a work space in a vacant firehouse – a hook and ladder company – on East 87th Street, and later that same year moved his studio to 231 East 47th Street, the space which came to be known as the Factory. Around the same time, Warhol employed art-school student and poet, Gerard Malanga, as his studio assistant. Malanga in turn introduced Warhol to the underground filmmakers and poets Marie Menken and Willard Maas, and also took Warhol to regular screenings at Jonas Mekas' Film-makers' Co-op on Park Avenue South and the Charles Theater on East 12th Street.


KissAcross the summer of '63 Warhol made regular visits to a guest house that his friend, the Magic Realist painter Wynn Chamberlain, was renting in Old Lyme, Connecticut. It was over a weekend in Old Lyme that Warhol claimed he began to develop the idea of an 8-hour film of a man sleeping. Complicated by the limitations of Warhol's silent 16mm Bolex, that could only shoot 100 foot (or 4 minute) lengths of film, the completed Sleep (1963) ran for not quite 6 hours, even when projected (as were all of Warhol's early films) at the silent speed of 16 frames per second. Along with Warhol's Kiss and Haircut (both 1963–64), and Blow Job, Eat, Empire, and Henry Geldzahler (all 1964), Sleep belongs to Warhol's early series of silent, black and white films that emphasise stillness and duration. As Callie Angell points out, it is possible to follow the development of Warhol's minimalist technique from the early experimentations with multiple camera setups and internal editing of Sleep, Kiss and Haircut through to the stationary camera and single shot reels of Blow Job, Eat, Empire and Henry Geldzahler. (3) Blow Job is typical of the series, isolating (across its nine short reels) a single figure before the camera. In this case, the camera “documents” the tortured expression of a young man – shot in close-up against a rendered brick wall – as an unseen participant administers the blow job of the film's title.Warhol's early “structural” films were an expression of the then emerging aesthetic of minimalism (found especially in the music of John Cage and LaMonte Young), but this was not the only influence. Among the guests at Chamberlain's house at Old Lyme over the summer of '63 was the underground actor and filmmaker Jack Smith. Smith was filming Normal Love, his follow-up to the “scandalous” Flaming Creatures (1962), and Warhol later acknowledged his influence: “I picked something up from [Jack] for my own movies – the way he used anyone who happened to be around that day, and also how he just kept shooting until the actors got bored.” (4) Warhol shot an early “newsreel” – Andy Warhol Films Jack Smith Filming “Normal Love” (1963) – but more importantly he shared with Smith a camp aesthetic (Warhol would go on to make a film titled Camp [1965]) and a fascination with Hollywood and its star system. It was during a star-struck visit to Los Angeles in the fall of '63 that Warhol shot the first of his parodic narrative films – Tarzan and Jane Regained … Sort of (1963) – in his suite at the Beverly Hills Hotel, with Taylor Mead as Tarzan and Naomi Levin as Jane. Other parodic films from the period included the unfinished Batman and Dracula (both 1964, and both featuring Jack Smith) and Warhol's tribute to Lester Persky – Soap Opera (1964) – starring an early Warhol “Superstar,” Baby Jane Holzer.In 1964 Warhol's filmmaking became centralised at his silver painted and foil covered studio, the Factory. Fuelled by amphetamine, the Factory became a site of constant activity or “production,” attracting the lowlife friends of Billy Name (Billy Linich) who lived in the back, and also artists, writers, students, and celebrities. Extending the multiple-image “portraiture” of his celebrity silkscreens and the technique of his motionless films, Warhol documented the Factory scene in some five hundred 100-foot silent portrait films (shot between 1964 and 1966) known as the Screen Tests. Warhol had become a regular at the Film-makers' Co-op and the individual Screen Tests – 4-minute close-up shots of motionless subjects facing a stationary camera – were shown there weekly under the title Andy Warhol Serial. The Screen Tests typified Warhol's “industrial” or serial mode of production and were later recycled in such projects as The Thirteen Most Beautiful Women and The Thirteen Most Beautiful Boys (1964–65) and provided a model for other ongoing cumulative projects such as Kiss, Couch, and Banana (1964–65). (5)


EmpireToward the end of 1964 Warhol purchased his first sound camera, a single-system 16mm Auricon which enabled him to shoot continuous 33-minute reels. Warhol had used the same type of camera for his 8-hour epic, Empire (his first “sound” movie without sound), but he employed it now for a number of “dramatic” collaborations with “scriptwriters” Chuck Wein and Ronald Tavel, the latter from the Theater of the Ridiculous. Tavel had appeared for the shooting of Warhol's first sound film, Harlot (1964, starring Mario Montez as Jean Harlow), and Warhol subsequently employed Tavel to prepare scenarios for films such as Screen Test #1, Screen Test #2, Suicide, Vinyl, The Life of Juanita Castro, Horse, Kitchen, and Space (all 1965). These sound features – which typically consisted of two, single-shot 33 minute reels – launched Warhol Superstars such as Edie Sedgwick, Gerard Malanga, Pope Ondine, and Ingrid Superstar, in a series of self-creating performances. (6) Vinyl is representative of Warhol's theatrical featurettes from 1965. Devised from a scenario that Tavel adapted from the Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange, Vinyl has Gerard Malanga, J.D. MacDermott and a small group of “extras” (including Edie Sedgwick and Ondine) play out a scene of spontaneous violence and torture. The “narrative” is punctuated by a number of Pop songs of the day, and features one startling moment when Edie, perched decoratively on a stool, sipping occasionally from a glass, accidentally knocks over her drink, breaking her pose and the “dramatic action.” (7)At the beginning of 1966 Warhol began his collaboration with a group of musicians calling themselves the Velvet Underground and introduced them to actor/singer Nico (Christa Pãffgen). Mekas had moved the Film Makers' Cinémathèque to West 41st Street and was in the middle of an event called “Expanded Cinema.” Warhol's contribution to the series – “Andy Warhol Up Tight” – had the Velvets and Nico play against the backdrop of films like Vinyl and Empire, and Malanga performed on stage, whipping a long strip of phosphorescent tape in the air. (8) In the spring Warhol took the idea of multimedia performance a step further incorporating his film-work and Superstars into the Exploding Plastic Inevitable, a “happening” featuring live music and performance, multi-screen film projection and elaborate light shows. With his publicity machine now in full gear, Warhol claimed that, with one thing or another, his “company” was reaching all quarters:
We had My Hustler [the 1965 Chuck Wein collaboration] playing uptown at the Film-Makers' Coop in the Wurlitzer Building on West 41st Street. [E]ven farther uptown [we had] my opening of the silver helium-filled pillows [Silver Clouds] at the Castelli Gallery with my yellow and pink Cow wallpaper all over. … And at the Dom, a big Polish dance hall on St Mark's Place [which we'd sublet and equipped with five movie projectors and five carousel-type projectors], we put on The Erupting [sic] Plastic Inevitable. (9)


The Chelsea GirlsWarhol took his experimentation with multiple formats into his magnum opus The Chelsea Girls (1966), a three-and-one-quarter hour epic made up of twelve 33-minute unedited and unrelated reels projected in pairs. Each of the segments featured various Warhol Superstars – Nico, Ondine, Brigid Polk, Gerard Malanga, Ingrid Superstar, International Velvet – playing themselves in episodes (ostensibly) unfolding in different rooms of the Chelsea Hotel. The Chelsea Girls brought together not only the minimalism and theatricality of Warhol's earlier films, but followed the work of Jack Smith and the Kuchar Brothers to narrow the gap between the underground and the mainstream, replicating in its “widescreen” format and histrionic modes the methods of the Hollywood blockbuster. The individually numbered and titled reels – Brigid Holds Court (The Duchess), The Queen of China (Hanoi Hannah), The Trip (Eric Says All) – include some of the Superstars' finest “performances” and the final pairing of the sublime Nico Crying and the explosive Pope Ondine Story is nothing short of inspired. The Chelsea Girls opened at the Filmmaker's Cinémathèque in the summer of '66 and, following good reviews in the mainstream press (Newsweek called it “the Iliad of the underground”), went into commercial release nationally the following year.Warhol followed up the success of The Chelsea Girls by beginning to assemble reels for an even more ambitious project, the 25-hour **** (Four Stars, 1966–67). He also set about producing a series of commercially oriented, “sexploitation” films in collaboration with Paul Morrissey, his principal filmmaking assistant since 1965. The series of narrative oriented films – I, a Man, Bike Boy, The Loves of Ondine, The Nude Restaurant and Tub Girls (all 1967–68) again featured Warhol Superstars, in particular Viva and Ondine. Along with the 8-hour Imitation of Christ (1967) and unedited versions of the five commercially released features, a total of 94 reels were incorporated into the once only screening of **** at the New Cinema Playhouse on December 15–16, 1967. (10)Following the production of **** (and again with exploitation markets in mind) Warhol and his entourage set out for Arizona where they filmed Lonesome Cowboys, a pseudo-Western starring Viva, Taylor Mead, Louis Waldon, Joe Dallesandro and Eric Emerson. In the spring of '68 the troupe travelled to California to make (the unreleased) San Diego Surf. (11) The editing of these two projects was interrupted in June '68 when Valerie Solanas, a periodic Factory visitor, shot and critically wounded Warhol. Warhol was hospitalised for almost two months, and Morrissey took over the Factory's filmmaking operation, to make Flesh (1968), the first Morrissey-directed “Warhol film.” Warhol went on to direct one final film, Blue Movie (aka Fuck, 1969) but Morrissey's Flesh – followed by Trash (1969–70), Women in Revolt (1970–72), Heat, L'Amour (both 1971–72), Andy Warhol's Dracula and Andy Warhol's Frankenstein (both 1973–74) – had redefined (or realised) the Factory's film production as a fully commercial venture.


pop art/art pop. The Warhol Connection

Este resumen no está disponible. Haz clic en este enlace para ver la entrada.